When discussing IoT communication technology, the industry will always put forward such a few old-fashioned topics: So many IoT communication technologies, do you need a unified standard? 5G has so many advantages, is it the necessary communication technology for the Internet of Things?
This is one of the few communication problems in the field of Internet of Things. To be exact, it has been sublimated into two propositions. The industry has given their respective answers. The first question is that the benevolent sees the wise and the wise see the wisdom; the second question is almost the same, they think that 5G is the basis for realizing the Internet of Everything. But in the eyes of a customizer of wireless communication standards, the answer is exactly the opposite. Wi-SUN Alliance Greater China Standards Supervisor, IEEE 802.11 (WiFi), 802.15 Wireless Professional Network and Zigbee Alliance founder Robert Heile have overturned the above two propositions in an interview.
No 5G Earth turns like
If you describe the difference between the Internet of Things and the Internet in the simplest way, it is "a large amount." By 2020, 26 billion devices will be interconnected, and in fact this number is likely to be even larger.
This order of magnitude places extremely high demands on the connections between devices, and the 5G network that has been deified even without standards has been the key technology for carrying such large-scale devices. From a technical point of view, 5G is indeed the best choice for the Internet of Things. It supports large-scale data connections and has the advantages of high bandwidth, high speed and low latency. However, in Heile's view, the role of 5G has been magnified by the industry.
Although 5G will become the core network of the future, and it is also the key technology for the large-scale popularization of the Internet of Things, it is only an extension of 4G, not a revolutionary technology. Even without 5G, the Internet of Things still runs. You can think that the main battlefield of commercial 5G after five years is still the mobile Internet, not the Internet of Things.
Because in the tens of billions of IoT devices, the application scenarios for bandwidth and data traffic are only a small part. As a simple example, the sensors you deploy on the facade of a building cannot be implanted with a 5G module. This power and cost is obviously not allowed. Instead, some near-field communication technologies, such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc., and even low-power private networks such as SigFox and LoRa can also solve basic communication between devices. To sum up, one sentence is that 5G is only part of a broad network of IoT collections.
Only compatible, no uniform standard
There is no doubt that Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Zwave, and countless non-mainstream wireless communication technologies can meet the needs of various application scenarios. For example, short-distance high-speed applications will first think of Wi-Fi, and point-to-point short-distance transmission can be satisfied with Bluetooth. . . But in fact, the communication protocol has brought a lot of sweet troubles.
The biggest difficulty now is that there are too many technologies, and some will be eliminated in the next five years, forming several mainstream technologies. No one dares to comment on which technology can become mainstream, but Heile has made a bold prediction that there is no uniform standard between communication protocols and they will not replace each other. Wireless communication and cable are different. Because of the air interface, direct communication of various wireless communication is impossible, and different communication protocols have different application scenarios. One technology cannot meet tens of billions of devices. This logic seems to be correct, but it poses a problem for chip vendors, module vendors and terminal equipment vendors. It is not difficult to pick the most suitable technology among the many technologies, but how do you pick the technology and others' technology? Connecting is a very technical task.
At present, the industry's compromise solution is that devices cannot be directly connected to each other. For example, in a home, devices that can connect different communication standards through a gateway can be solved by a cloud in a wide range.
In this regard, Heile believes that as long as data exchange is possible, it is equivalent to connectivity. The essence of the Internet of Things is to connect devices, but the purpose of connecting devices is to exchange data and then convert the data into usable information. From a technical point of view, any level of networking that can be connected to each other and capable of data transmission can be an integral part of the Internet of Things, such as WiFi or cellular networks (ie, mobile communication networks).
Of course, Heile admits that this is just the best connection method at the moment, and there will be better solutions in the future, such as compatible technologies that many alliances are pursuing.
final goal
From a single technology, the communication technology applied to the Internet of Things will not change greatly in the future. The most likely scenario is to develop towards higher specification standards, such as frequency, up to tens of GHz. Higher speed and higher bandwidth. At present, the industry has already achieved optical communication, so there is not much room for improvement in terms of frequency. The frequency has reached its limit, but new technologies are still emerging.
For example, the "multi-hop network" that has attracted the attention of the industry in recent years. It is constructed by nodes, including devices such as computers and mobile phones, all of which are wirelessly connected to each other and then can forward data to each other over the network. Data jumps from one node to another until it reaches its destination. Data can be transferred as long as any node is available. Wireless Ad Hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, and wireless Mesh networks all fall into this category, but such solutions are not yet mature. In the future, wireless communication technology is more than just acting as a connection.
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