During the construction of many cinemas, we found that due to the owners, the technicians responsible for the construction and the design and construction personnel, the building acoustics was not fully understood and valued, and the completed cinemas had certain examples of sound defects.
In the "Modern Film Technology" 2007 No. 3 (Construction of Cinema) column, Comrade Chen Jiang of the Star Rating Assessment Group of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has also pointed out a lot of questions about the acoustics of cinema architecture in view of the problems existing in the current star rating of cinemas. Some defects, such as low sound insulation in adjacent audience halls, high background noise, and reverberation time are not up to standard. The author also believes that these defects are currently present in the construction of theaters. I would like to talk about some of my own views on specific issues.
I. About the construction of new multi-room cinemas with sound insulation, most of them are mainly small multi-rooms, in order to make full use of the limited area and space to maximize the number of cinemas.
As the number of film shows has increased every year and digital movies have become more and more popular, the scale of multiplex cinemas has also expanded year by year. In large and medium-sized cities in China, the number of auditoriums in general multiplex cinemas is more than 6, 7 or more. The more common scale is a medium-sized cinema with about 300 seats. Then, according to the effective area, there are a number of small cinemas between 100 and 200 seats. Conditionally, a small VIP high-end auditorium can be designed to form different sizes. A multi-room cinema with diverse levels and complete formats.
Since most multiplex cinemas are located in densely populated commercial centers or large commercial buildings, the venue rental costs are relatively high, which requires the owners to make full use of the leased area as much as possible, increase the number of cinemas, and strive for higher The return on investment and the complete business format.
Based on the above situation, the projection process designer is required to make full use of the effective site area and space during the planning and design, as much as possible to arrange the number of cinemas and the completeness of the format, and also meet the relevant specifications. In order to achieve the above objectives, it is inevitable to form a partition wall or a walkway adjacent to the audience hall and the auditorium. In such a close arrangement of the theater, the sound insulation between each other is particularly important.
l. The sound insulation between the hall and the hall shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Digital Stereo Cinema Technical Standard. The sound insulation of the shared partition wall between the audience hall and the auditorium shall have a sound insulation effect of not less than 60dB (C). In order to meet the above standard requirements, there are still some difficulties in general, especially in dealing with low frequency sound.
Firstly, the load of the original structure of the building is generally not allowed to be built according to the mass law of the air noise of a certain decibel value of the component. At the same time, the state also restricts the use of clay components with higher quality. At this time, consideration should be given to the use of other lightweight new materials to build the wall with a certain width of cavity (some also consider the use of a certain lightweight structure to assist the sound insulation). When using this method to separate the auditorium, it is necessary to carefully analyze and calculate, so as not to make the wall of the partition wall too thick (some partition walls are nearly 1mm thick after completion), and the effective site area is lost. It can also achieve the corresponding sound insulation effect; at the same time, it should also consider the economic factors such as the selection of materials.
Another way is to arrange an audience entrance and a walkway between the hall and the hall. In doing so, each hall can be constructed with a new material, lightweight wall or a lightweight structure. In this way, the sound insulation effect is very good, but the site occupancy is relatively large. To adopt this method, it is necessary to control the width of the walkway as much as possible according to the size of the hall and the relevant specifications. Under the premise of meeting the requirements of the specification, the control of the walkway of the audience will not be too wide and waste the area. At the same time, it should also be noted that the size and length-to-width ratio of the auditorium on both sides of the walkway meet the requirements of the standard, as well as the standard requirements for construction, and cannot be ignored. If a wall is not in the position of the structural beam, it is necessary to negotiate with the relevant parties to consider how to solve the load problem of the floor. Therefore, the projection process designer should pay attention to the relevant specifications and requirements of architectural acoustics when designing the process.
2. Sound insulation between the auditorium and the screening room and other layouts According to the requirements of the Architectural Acoustics Design Specification for Theaters, Cinemas and Multi-purpose Halls, the intermediate frequency sound insulation of the partition walls of the auditorium and the projection room should be ≥45dB. However, in the actual design operation, the sound insulation problem of the projection window and the observation window should also be fully considered. Because of the thickness of the optical glass and the sealing of the window, it is easy to cause the sound insulation to fall below the standard. I tend to have a smaller area of ​​the projection window as long as it satisfies the projection light and the viewing angle is unobstructed. At the same time, the sound absorption and noise reduction treatment of the projection room should also be considered, and the partition wall should be rationally designed according to the specific conditions.
If the exterior of the audience hall is a bustling commercial center (such as a pedestrian street) or a busy road, what is the maximum noise of a commercial center or a busy road? What is the relative distance between the location of the cinema and the noise source? According to the above-mentioned situation, the air sound insulation scheme is determined by calculation. In general, commercial centers and general roads
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