Can be used to measure the RFID system's technical parameters are more, such as the system used frequency, protocol standards, identification distance, identification speed, data transmission rate, storage capacity, anti-collision performance to ugly electronic label packaging standards. These technical parameters influence and restrict each other.
Among them, the technical parameters of the reader are the operating frequency of the reader, the output power of the reader, the data transmission speed of the reader, the form of the output of the reader and the readability of the reader, etc.; The technical parameters include the energy requirements of electronic tags, the capacity requirements of electronic tags, the operating frequency of electronic tags, the data transmission speed of electronic tags, the read/write speed of electronic tags, the package form of electronic tags, and the security of electronic tag data.
1) Operating frequency
The operating frequency is one of the most basic technical parameters of the RFID system. The choice of operating frequency largely determines the application scope, technical feasibility and cost of the system. In essence, RFID systems are radio transmission systems and must occupy a full range of wireless communication channels. In wireless communication channels, RF signals can only be expressed in the form of electromagnetic coupling or electromagnetic wave propagation. Therefore, the working performance of the RFID system is bound to be affected by the spatial transmission characteristics of the electromagnetic wave.
The physical characteristics of electromagnetic waves, the ability to recognize read and write distances, and the ability to penetrate have great differences in electromagnetic waves at different radio frequency frequencies. Especially in the low frequency and high frequency two frequency bands. Low-frequency electromagnetic waves have strong penetrating power and can penetrate water, metal, animals and other conductor materials, but the propagation distance is relatively close. In addition, due to the relatively low frequency, the available frequency band is narrow, the data transmission rate is low, the signal to noise ratio is relatively low, and it is susceptible to interference.
Compared to low-frequency electromagnetic waves, to obtain the same transmission effect, the transmission power of the high-frequency system is smaller, the equipment is relatively simple, and the cost is relatively low. High-frequency electromagnetic wave data transmission rate is high, there is no low-frequency signal-to-noise ratio limit. However, high-frequency electromagnetic waves have poor penetration capabilities and are easily absorbed by conductive media such as water. Therefore, high-frequency electromagnetic waves are more sensitive to obstacles.
2) Effect distance
The distance of the RFID system refers to the effective identification distance of the system. There are many factors that affect the reader's recognition of the effective distance of the electronic tag, including the following factors: the transmitter power of the reader, the operating frequency of the system, and the package form of the electronic tag.
When the other conditions are the same, the recognition distance of the low-frequency system is the closest, followed by the medium-high frequency system, the microwave system, and the identification distance of the microwave system is the farthest. As long as the frequency of the reader changes, the operating frequency of the system will change.
The effective identification distance of the RFID system is directly proportional to the RF transmit power of the reader. The greater the transmit power, the longer the identification distance. However, when the radiation generated by electromagnetic waves exceeds a certain range, it will have harmful effects on the environment and the human body. Therefore, certain power standards must be followed in electromagnetic power. The package form of the electronic tag is also one of the factors that affect the system identification distance. The larger the antenna of the electronic tag is, the larger the magnetic flux obtained when the electronic tag passes through the area of ​​action of the reader/writer is, the larger the stored energy is.
The required action distance for an application depends on a number of factors: the positioning accuracy of the electronic tag, the minimum distance between multiple electronic tags in actual applications, and the speed of movement of the electronic tag within the reader's work area. Usually in RFID applications, choosing the right antenna can accommodate the need for long-range read and write. For example, the Fast Track conveyor antenna is designed to be mounted on a conveyor belt between rollers, and the RFID carrier is mounted on the bottom of a tray or product to ensure that the carrier passes directly through the antenna.
3) Data transmission rate
Speed ​​is a very important factor for most data acquisition systems. Due to the continuous shortening of product production cycles today, the time required to read and update RFID carriers is getting shorter and shorter.
(1) Read-only rate.
The data transmission rate of the RFID read-only system depends on the code length, the carrier data transmission rate, the reading and writing distance, the carrier frequency between the carrier and the antenna, and the data transmission modulation technology. The transmission rate differs depending on the type of product in actual use.
(2) Passive read and write rates.
The data transfer rate of passive read-write RFID systems is determined by the same factors as the read-only system, but in addition to considering reading data from the carrier, it is also necessary to consider writing data to the carrier. The transmission rate varies depending on the type of river in the actual application.
(3) Active read and write rates.
The deciding factor of the data transmission rate of the active read-write RFID system is the same as that of the passive system. The difference is that the passive system needs to activate the capacitive charging on the carrier to communicate. It is very important that a typical low-frequency reading and writing system may only operate at 100 B/s or 200 B/s. In this way, since there may be hundreds of bytes of data to be transmitted at one site, the data transfer time may take a few seconds, which may be longer than the entire machine operation. EMS has adopted a number of unique and proprietary technologies to design a low-frequency system that is faster than most microwave systems.
4) Safety requirements
Security requirements generally refer to encryption and identity authentication. For a planned RFID system, a very accurate assessment of its security requirements should be carried out so as to exclude from the beginning various dangerous attacks that may occur during the application phase. To this end, it is necessary to analyze the various security vulnerabilities existing in the system and the possibility of attacks.
5) Storage capacity
The size of the data carrier storage is different, and the price of the system is also different. The price of the data carrier is mainly determined by the storage capacity of the electronic tag. For applications that are price-sensitive and require less on-site requirements, fixed-coded read-only data carriers should be used. If you want to write information into an electronic tag, you need to use electronic tags with EEPROM or RAM storage technology, and the cost of the system will increase. A basic rule of memory-based systems is that storage capacity is always insufficient. Needless to say, expanding the storage capacity of the system naturally expands the application area. The read-only carrier has a storage capacity of 20 bits, and the active read-write carrier has a storage capacity ranging from 64B to 32K13, that is, it can store several pages of text in a read-write carrier, which is enough to load the inventory and test Data and allow system expansion. The storage space of passive read and write carriers varies from 48B to 736B, and it has many features that active read-write systems do not have.
6) Connectivity of RFID System
As the development branch of automation systems, RFID technology must be able to integrate existing and developing automation technologies. It is important that the REID system should be able to connect directly to a personal computer, programmable logic controller, or industrial network interface module (fieldbus) to reduce installation costs. Connectivity enables RFID technology to provide flexible functionality that can be easily integrated into a wide range of industrial applications.
7) Simultaneous multi-electronic tagging
Since the system may need to identify multiple electronic tags at the same time, the readability of multiple tags provided by the reader must also be considered. This is related to the reading performance of the reader and the moving speed of the electronic tag.
8) Package of electronic tags
For different working environments, the size and form of the electronic tag determine the performance of the installation and performance of the electronic tag. The package form of the electronic tag is also one of the parameters to be considered. The package form of the electronic tag not only affects the working performance of the system, but also affects the safety performance and aesthetics of the system. The evaluation of the performance indicators of RFID systems is very complex, and there are many factors that affect the overall performance of RFID systems, including product factors, market factors, and environmental factors.
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