1 With the rapid development of the economy, the night lighting of China's cities has been lit up like spring and spring, and the commercial districts are full of lights and brilliance; the night illumination of the buildings is distinct and bright; the night scenes of the city are beautiful, making people forget to return. . Night lighting has played a huge role in beautifying the city, promoting tourism and prospering the economy. The development of urban nightscape lighting in China has begun to take shape, focus, and orderly, forming a beautiful picture of the city's night scene. However, how to carry out the night lighting project in depth has become a big problem in front of cities. This is a systematic project involving various aspects. One of the main problems is how to scientifically plan the night lighting to make the city night illumination The direction of consolidation, development, and improvement is progressing healthily.
The intersection of information technology and planning disciplines undoubtedly provides new ways and means for scientific planning. At present, information technology is dramatically changing the way people think, produce and communicate, and at the same time change our city and architecture. This is a global wave of technological revolution that has profoundly affected all walks of life in society. Information technology has expanded the traditional way of thinking, technical means and methods in the lighting planning industry. The GIS-based planning support information system is a scientific exploration of the application of information technology in the field of urban night lighting planning. It can solve the disadvantages of traditional lighting planning mainly based on subjective feelings, planning and energy saving. . The rapid development of information technology and the continuous improvement of information technology in urban nightscape planning have become the preconditions for the study of such systems, and the development of multimedia and visualization technologies in information technology has made it even more powerful.
The system described in this paper is to use GIS technology to construct the basic information of urban space, use database to save the basic attribute information and lighting information of various lighting subjects, and based on this, use the development method of management information system to design a reasonable database structure and Constraint, according to the actual needs to develop to meet the functions of urban night lighting planning.
2 system design purposes
As a planning support system, the design of the planning scheme and the final optimization of a scheme are the purpose of its design, and such a system can be part of the management of urban night lighting.
Urban night lighting management is a comprehensive management activity that organizes, inspects, supervises, coordinates and controls the planning, design, construction and management of urban night lighting by means of standardized and scientific means. The contents include urban night lighting planning and program approval. , engineering construction and daily lighting management. Urban night lighting planning, as an important part of lighting management, plays a guiding role in the construction of night lighting projects.
On the one hand, the system can provide planning decision makers or government officials with multi-program evaluation methods, and provide suggestions and basis for decision-making. On the other hand, Web2GIS technology can be used to publish the system on the Internet to provide information services and choices for the public and participate in planning. The opportunity to make decisions ultimately leads to planning decisions that are appropriate for urban development.
At present, the functions of quantitative analysis and program comparison of various information systems including GIS are constantly developing. In the field of urban night lighting planning, we can use these tools to not only know how beautiful a building is at night, but also to clearly know the size of its illuminance and how much lighting it uses. Buildings use a certain type of luminaire. Due to the existence of topological relations in GIS, it is also convenient to calculate the energy consumption of the building lighting along a certain road. For the rationality of the planning scheme, there is a traditional paper design atlas. Possible advantages. The use of multimedia and visualization technology has a positive significance for the planning support system. Through visual display and the involvement of various media information, it will provide decision makers and participants with an analytical tool that is more intuitive and more in line with human thinking. Display tool. People can roam in a variety of information related to lighting planning. In maps, digital photos, 3D simulations, and various media representations such as sound and text, it is easier to understand the lighting planner's design intent more directly. Achieve broad participation and consensus. Planning data that was previously digitally represented appears in a visual form that makes planning more “transparent†for people. By pressing the mouse, dragging the slider, clicking on the area of ​​interest, or choosing a different one. The solution can get a real-time, vivid response. People will happily participate in the information exchange with lighting planners, which is of great practical significance for understanding the lighting planner's planning intentions, so as to make the selection, evaluation and argumentation of the plan.
3 information involved in urban night lighting planning
According to the experience of urban night lighting planning in recent years, the various information involved in night lighting planning can be divided into four parts: basic information of urban space; attribute information of lighting main body; lighting planning information;
The basic information of the urban space represents information on the location, shape, size and distribution characteristics of the spatial entity. It is used for the positioning of spatial objects to represent the location, distance and spatial relationship (topological relationship) of the space. It reflects the geomorphological information and the authority scope of the management department that can fully describe the natural and social forms of the city at a certain scale.
Illumination subject attribute information, the so-called illumination theme refers to the object of illumination design, which is used to describe the characteristics, status, and subordinates of the illumination theme. For example, for a lighting subject such as a road, the attribute information includes the road name, width, level, number of lanes, and the like.
Lighting planning information is used to describe the lighting design. For building lighting, it includes: night landscape grading, recommended illuminance, brightness distribution, lighting mode, lighting location, lighting color, total lighting load and lighting layout, night scene. Multimedia, visual information such as renderings, video animations, program design notes, and more.
The luminaire information includes: lamp energy consumption, light source type, lamp light distribution curve, external dimensions, color, life, and manufacturer, price and other information.
For these four types of information, GIS technology and specialized database technology can be effectively integrated and effectively managed.
Because GIS is the basic tool for the collection, storage, update, analysis, transmission, and query of geographic information. It uses computer as a means to process spatial data with geographical features, with a spatial information as the main line, and combine various other spatial location information related to it (such as 1). It is these characteristics that make GIS technology suitable for urban night lighting planning.
For the data information of the lighting planning, it is convenient to carry out statistics and inquiries, and have a clearer understanding of the energy consumption and cost of the planning scheme, so that it is possible to avoid energy-saving and unreasonable schemes at the initial stage of design. The management of design documents has a clear advantage over traditional paper drawings.
4 system outlook
Applying VR and 3D GIS technology to the system is the next step of the system. Firstly, the 3D GIS model is established, and the lighting design information is expressed in the 3D space. The VR technology is used to convert the lighting information into a visual effect. Finally, the visual effect evaluation and decision making system is compiled.
In such a three-dimensional system, since the three-dimensional city model and the illumination planning data information built according to the urban space basic data already exist, the light quantity and the light color can be quantitatively represented, and the urban lighting simulation scene can also be given. Through the Vega software, you can enter the virtual environment and view the night illumination effect of the entire area of ​​the city lighting or a certain building from any viewpoint, arbitrary angle of view and any movement mode, and give data such as brightness, chromaticity, light pollution and light interference to realize real-time. roaming. In the process of virtual roaming, propose amendments to the insufficiency of light and color in urban lighting planning, improve the overall and partial effects of urban lighting, and replace lighting sources, lighting methods and lamps to achieve light pollution and light interference in the entire city. In order to make urban lighting planning more scientific and standardized. At the same time, such a system can conveniently display the negative impact of the design scheme on the image of the city in the daytime, so that the advantages and disadvantages of the single-color lighting design scheme can be judged objectively and comprehensively, and under the premise of uniform illumination of the entire city. Finalize the urban lighting unit design.
5 Conclusion
At present, the urban night lighting planning is mainly carried out in the form of an atlas mainly composed of renderings and lighting layouts. This traditional method has been difficult to find information in actual use, is not easy to find, and is not easy to count. Can not be combined with urban night lighting management and other drawbacks. The night vision lighting planning support system using GIS is composed of adding lighting planning related information and multimedia and visual information based on the urban space basic database. Such a planning support system contributes to the optimal planning scheme, and is conducive to achieving scientific planning, rational planning, and energy-saving planning.
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