In recent years, as the concept of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is well known, the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Shenzhen Airport T3 Terminal (see Figure 1) is a terminal building with a design scale of about 450,000 m2 and integrating international, domestic and transit functions. It has the characteristics of unique architectural shape, numerous equipment and long running time. In the design process, the basic strategy of national sustainable development and energy conservation was implemented, and the design concept of environmental protection and energy conservation was adopted to reduce energy consumption. 
Figure 1 Shenzhen Airport T3 Terminal Building Top View
Through the research and analysis of some airport projects in the past, it is concluded that the load energy consumption of the airport is mainly affected by the following aspects: climatic conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine conditions, etc.); aircraft flight: whether the peak of operation and the encirclement The peak of heat is consistent; the use of a large number of glass curtain walls; the complexity and scale of the baggage handling system (which accounts for a large amount of energy consumption); the traction power of the baggage handling system is still diesel; the air curtain system; the operation mode of the terminal building.
According to the simulation software analysis, the energy consumption assessment of Shenzhen Airport has the following results (see Figure 2).
Figure 2 Shenzhen Airport T3 energy consumption analysis
It can be seen from Figure 2 that lighting energy conservation is an important part of the energy saving of the terminal building.
A large number of tests and research have found that the current waste of lighting electricity in civil buildings is mainly manifested in unreasonable lighting settings, "lighting during the day" phenomenon and the use of inefficient light sources and lamps. In the design of Shenzhen Airport, how to make full use of natural lighting and reasonable lighting arrangement and intelligent control is an important factor to realize energy saving in large space lighting of the terminal building under the premise of meeting the requirements of the specification.
1. Natural daylighting analysis
"Architectural Lighting Design Standards" (GB 50034-2004) requires: "When conditions are met, it is advisable to automatically adjust the illumination of artificial lighting with changes in outdoor natural light"; "When conditions permit, it is advisable to use natural light with various light guiding and reflecting devices. Introduced indoors for lighting."
"Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ 16-2008) requires: "When determining the lighting scheme, special requirements for lighting of different types of buildings should be considered, and the relationship between electrical lighting and natural lighting should be handled, and high-efficiency light sources and lamps should be used. The relationship between the use of construction funds and the use of high-performance standard light sources, lamps and other technical and economic benefits.
Considering the complexity of the roof shape of Shenzhen Airport (see Figure 1 below and Figure 3 below), the specific adoption of the energy-saving strategies and methods for large-area lighting in the Shenzhen Airport T3 project is related to the final energy-saving effect and the practicality of the specific implementation. Specific analysis is based on local climatic conditions, the use of the specific building and the functions of the various areas within it, the mode of operation and the requirements of the owner.
Figure 3 Shenzhen Airport Model
1.1 Natural lighting conditions
Natural lighting, in addition to introducing a reasonable illumination of sunlight into the interior space, improves lighting and visual comfort, and with appropriate daylighting design and control equipment, it also saves daytime artificial lighting needs. With natural daylighting, some lighting systems can be turned off under normal daylight conditions, saving energy. The Shenzhen area has sufficient sunshine, combined with the higher window-to-wall ratio of the airport, and the skylight design (see Figure 3) provides favorable conditions for natural daylighting.
The sunshine conditions in Shenzhen can be seen mainly from the distribution of the clear sky index (see Figure 4). (Clearness index, the ratio of total solar radiation to astronomical radiation incident on the horizontal plane, as a distinction between sunny, cloudy and cloudy days. The indicator is: when Kt is less than 0.3, it is cloudy; when it is more than 0.65, it is sunny; between 0.3 and 0.65 is cloudy.) The annual clear sky index of Shenzhen is more than 0.3, or more than 70% of the weather is Sunny or cloudy weather, good lighting conditions, if you can turn off the artificial lighting in the airport during the day and use natural light, it will greatly help the energy saving.
Figure 4 Shenzhen annual clear sky index distribution
1.2 Model assumptions
The design conditions are full cloudy conditions, fine weather conditions, and summer solstice as the input condition for natural daylighting.
In the following, only the North Finger Gallery is used as an example. In the simulation analysis, not only all the characteristics of the inner and outer skins of the building need to be considered, but also the steel structure members are added to the model because these members are directly exposed to the sun. The impact is also considerable. At the same time, the model is moderately simplified, and the interior layout of the building is simplified into a plane, so that the distribution of internal lighting can be clearly seen. Its architectural model is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5: The North Finger Gallery building model for daylighting and daylighting analysis
1.3 Simulation results and analysis
According to the design of the building curtain wall structure, combined with the local meteorological conditions in Shenzhen, the Radiance simulation software is used to analyze the illuminance under natural lighting conditions in the north space of the large space of the terminal building.
1) Sunshine conditions under sunny conditions (take 9:00, 12:00, and 18:00 as examples), as shown in Figure 6:
Figure 6 Analysis of natural illumination of the North Finger Gallery
It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the roof has no direct sunlight entering the room all day (even at noon), and only a small part of the sun is shining near the wall on the left side (southeast side) shown in Fig. 6. Entering the room, overall, the illumination is more uniform. The average illuminance at noon (10:00-16:00) is around 1 000 Lux. In the morning or evening, the illuminance drops to around 500 Lux. The most important factor is the influence of the complex steel structure in the double skin structure, so that the entire building use area has almost no direct sunlight. At the same time, due to the influence of the orientation of the building and the proportion of the window and wall, the lighting effect (illuminance and brightness) of the right side (northwest) shown in Fig. 6 is worse than that of the left side (southeast side).
2) The sunshine situation under cloudy conditions, as shown in Figure 7:
Fig.7 Analysis of the illumination of the northern reference gallery in the whole day
In the case of full cloudy days, due to the absence of direct light, the distribution of sunshine throughout the building is very uniform, with an overall illumination of around 250 lux.
3) Analysis summary
It can be seen from the above analysis that the average daylighting illumination inside the North Finger Gallery is about 1 000 lux in the case of fine weather and about 250 lux in the case of cloudy days. The overall natural illumination of the corridor area is more suitable. Due to the large ratio of facade and window walls and the large single-glazed windows, the lighting in the surrounding area is brighter. The natural lighting effect is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 Natural lighting effect of the North Finger Gallery
1.4 Energy saving analysis
All electric lighting equipment, such as lighting, not only consumes electricity but also emits heat when it is turned on. By reducing the working time of these lighting devices, energy saving can be achieved, and this also reduces the burden on the cooling system.
The strategy used here to calculate energy savings is to turn off artificial lighting at the airport if the natural light intensity in the room is higher than 300 lux, and turn on artificial lighting if it is turned on. In this way, the accumulated number of hours of natural daylighting illumination can be calculated. As shown in Fig. 9, the total area of ​​the airport is about 400 00 m2, and the area available for lighting is about 14,000 m2. At the same time, referring to the use of natural daylighting in Fig. 9, since the light intensity in summer is sufficient, natural light illumination can be used instead of artificial lighting, and the power load of the entire airport can be reduced in the summer of the peak of power consumption. Calculating the whole year, assuming that the airport's lighting power density is 10W/m 2 , it can save 4,715,200 kWh of electricity. Since the time when natural light illumination can be used is usually at the peak of electricity consumption in the day (7 am - 7 pm), the peak and valley electricity price in Shenzhen is about 1.08 yuan / kWh. In this way, it is estimated that the annual electricity cost will be reduced by about 5 million yuan.
Figure 9 Distribution of natural daylighting time in Shenzhen
2, large space lighting design
2.1 Lighting solutions
At present, the domestic and international airport building large space lighting fixtures are mainly divided into the following three types:
1) Direct lighting scheme
The direct illumination type luminaire has higher efficiency and less energy loss, but needs to be coordinated with the architectural style, and has special requirements on the arrangement of the luminaire and its appearance.
2) Indirect lighting scheme
Large and medium power floodlights are used to illuminate with architectural structures or decorative reflections. Although this approach is more comfortable and easier to integrate with architectural styles, it is relatively inefficient.
3) Combination of direct lighting and indirect lighting
Indirect lighting is used to express the morphological characteristics and style of the building structure, and direct lighting is used to supplement and complete the functional lighting needs.
Combined with the unique architectural style of the project, after repeated research and analysis with the architect, it is finally determined that the large space lighting of the terminal building adopts direct lighting combined with local key lighting (in the check-in island, security check-up area, etc.), and will directly illuminate. The luminaires are mounted on a large space ceiling.
2.2 Lighting layout and grouping scheme
In the arrangement of lamps, in order to achieve energy saving, make full use of natural lighting, and in order to make the brightness of the whole space more commensurate with the architectural style, and make the passengers deeply impressed by the built environment, the ceiling lamps have not adopted the common use of similar projects in the past. Based on the results of the natural lighting analysis in the previous section, the distribution and characteristics of the ground and the flow of airport personnel are combined with the layout of the open ceiling of the large space in the main building area. The scheme of irregular circular arrangement of lamps is adopted, and the scheme of irregular linear arrangement of lamps is adopted in the finger corridor area (Fig. 10, Fig. 11).
Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the grouping arrangement of the lamps in the corridor area
Figure 11 Schematic diagram of grouping of lamps in the main building area
Based on the results of natural daylighting analysis, the roof downlights are reasonably grouped and opened at different times.
The large-scale lighting fixtures are divided into several control zones according to the different feelings of the various areas in the building. The lighting control in each zone divides the A and B power supply into two parts (uniformly distributed with 50% load) and independent branches. During daytime operation, the lighting of the corresponding number of lighting fixtures in the control area can be adjusted according to different daylight brightness to achieve energy saving. When the vehicle is parked at night, emergency lighting fixtures can be turned on according to management requirements to provide evacuation illumination. There are five states to choose from within any lighting zone:
All lighting branches are closed - fully closed.
A and B power supply partial branches open 50% - 50% open.
A or B power section branches open 25% - 25% open.
Emergency lighting on - evacuation illumination.
All lighting branches open - fully open.
3. Other energy saving measures
3.1 Determination of illuminance indicators
According to the "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" (GB 50034-2004) and the "Electrical Design Code for Traffic Buildings" (JGJ 243-2011), the illuminance design indicators are determined for the terminal hall, the waiting hall, etc., for the boarding gate, In the check-in island area, additional counter spotlights and fluorescent lighting are used to make the average illuminance of the desktop 500lx and the average ground illumination of 200lx.
3.2 Light source and lamp selection
1) Due to the large indoor space of the terminal building, the number of lamps required, the power of the light source and the power consumption will be relatively large. Therefore, the choice of the light source for the large space lighting should be noted in addition to the aesthetics and reasonable light distribution. In addition, it also fully considers its energy efficiency. In addition to the color temperature and environmental requirements for color rendering, the light source is selected according to the principle of high efficiency and long life.
2) Select high-quality, high-efficiency metal halide lamps in large space (requires Ra≥80, Tcp ≈4 000K~4500K, color difference should not exceed ±200K, average life is not less than 10 000h), and energy-saving inductor ballast is selected. The total harmonic standard shall meet the requirements of GB 17625.1-2003, and the average life expectancy shall not be less than 50 000h. The ballast factor and energy efficiency value of the ballast shall not be lower than the national energy efficiency standard “energy saving evaluation value†of the ballast.
3) Large-scale lighting fixtures have the characteristics of full-day operation, short maintenance time and large maintenance. In order to minimize operating costs, the lamps should use high-quality and high-efficiency products, and should meet the GB 7000 series standards and pass CCC certification. The material is required to be sturdy and durable, the structure is safe and reasonable, beautiful and durable, and the structural strength, protection grade, temperature resistance and other properties are suitable for use. The lighting in the roof ceiling is protected by IP44 lamps.
3.3 Lighting Monitoring Management System
A lighting monitoring and management system is set up in the terminal building, which adopts a fully distributed distributed control system, centralized monitoring, zone control, and management grading. The controllers distributed at each site are connected through the network system, and the software and hardware are distributed.
The lighting monitoring system receives the clock signal of the airport through the network NTP mode, and automatically calibrates the system equipment. Through IBMS and IMF Chinese integration, receiving information such as airport flights, in line with airport operations.
The large space is equipped with a brightness detector to detect the brightness of the typical area, and the intelligent lighting management system can adjust the preset lighting scene according to the detected value. The brightness value detected by the detector should be continuous or at least distinguishable between three different brightnesses. The upper and lower values ​​of the brightness range can be set. The detection should reflect the change of brightness around the typical area to achieve artificial lighting and natural light.
The lighting monitoring system can realize automatic and manual control of the switch of the large space, decentralized centralized control, remote control, timing control, light sensing control, linkage control with other equipment systems, etc. The control mode is convenient, flexible, easy to modify and easy. Easy to operate.
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